Fig. 13

Parameter identification result of a test sample. The red lines stand for the ground truth, while the blue lines are the mean values of posterior distributions induced by the well-trained BayesFlow models. The green regions are the 95% confidence intervals given by the distributions. \({\widehat{\theta }}_{i}\) denotes the estimated value of \(\theta _i\), \({\overline{\sigma }}\) is the standard deviation normalized by the value range of \(\theta _i\), and \(ER = \left| estimate - ground\, \, truth \right| /ground\, \, truth \times 100\%\) is the relative error rate. When the ground truth locates in the range of 95% confidence interval, the title including the parameter name is shown green; while the out-of-range parameters are shown in red