Fig. 4From: A multiscale model of terrain dynamics for real-time earthmoving simulationThe left images illustrate a digging tool with a cutting edge \(\varvec{e}_\text {c}\) (red line), separating plate \(\varvec{n}_\text {c}\) (red face), deformer edge \(\varvec{e}_\text {d}\) (blue line), deformer face \(\varvec{n}_\text {d}\) (blue face) and top edge \(\varvec{e}_\text {t}\) (yellow line). The inner shape is indicated with the dashed lines. The normal \(\varvec{n}_\text {fill}\) of the secondary separation plate range from \(\varvec{n}_\text {c}\) to \(\varvec{n}_\text {ct}\) depending on the fill ratio of the inner shape. The three active zones, discretized by vertical wedges, is illustrated from the rear (upper right) and from above (lower right)Back to article page