Specimen | Loading type | Experimental buckling load | \(\frac{\Lambda _{exp}}{\Lambda _{E}}\) | \(\frac{\Lambda _{exp}}{\Lambda _{NL}}\) | \(\frac{\Lambda _{exp}}{\Lambda _{NLP}}\) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B1 | Pressure | 0.091 MPa | 4.57 | 0.58 | 1.01 |
B2 | Pressure | 0.092 MPa | 4.00 | 0.512 | 0.98 |
B5 | Axial load | 14,200 N | 0.99 | 0.84 | 1.03 |