Fig. 1From: On the flow conditions requiring detailed geometric modeling for multiscale evaluation of coastal forestsConcept of spatial-scale separation: a macroscopic flow, where the results of numerical flow tests are finally reflected, and (b) local test domain (LTD), which is assumed to be a representative elementary volume (REV) for our numerical flow tests. See Nomura et al. [30] for a more detailed explanation of spatial-scale separationBack to article page