Fig. 4From: A partitioned material point method and discrete element method coupling schemePartitioned MPM-DEM coupling scheme: In each time step, DEM is solved first (1). The resulting forces are mapped to MPM as external forces (2). Then MPM is solved leading to a kinematic update of the MPM interface (3), which is mapped back to DEM interface (4). Due to weak coupling, the steps are repeated for the next time stepsBack to article page