Table 2 Material and simulation parameters for three-dimensional examples
Quantity | Description | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
\(E_s\) | Young’s modulus in solid | 200 | GPa |
\(E_p,E_m\) | (Artificial) Young’s modulus in powder and melt | 2 | GPa |
\(\nu \) | Poisson ratio | 0.3 | – |
\(\alpha _T\) | Coefficient of thermal expansion | \(15\times 10^{-6}\) | K\(^{-1}\) |
\(c_s\) | Volumetric specific heat, solid | 4.25 | \(\hbox {M J m}^{-3}\hbox { K}^{-1}\) |
\(c_p\) | Volumetric specific heat, powder | 2.98 | \(\hbox {M J m}^{-3}\hbox { K}^{-1}\) |
\(c_m\) | Volumetric specific heat, melt | 5.95 | \(\hbox {M J m}^{-3}\hbox { K}^{-1}\) |
\(k_s,k_m\) | Conductivity in solid and melt | 20 | \(\hbox {W m}^{-1}\hbox { K}^{-1}\) |
\(k_p\) | Conductivity in powder | 0.2@200, 0.3@1600 | \(\hbox {W m}^{-1}\hbox { K}^{-1}\)@K |
\(h_m\) | Latent heat of fusion | 2.18 | \(\hbox {GJ m}^{-3}\) |
\(T_0\) | Initial/reference temperature | 303 | K |
\(T_s\) | Solidus temperature | 1500 | K |
\(T_l\) | Liquidus temperature | 1900 | K |
\(\rho _h\) | Hemispherical reflectivity | 0.7 | – |
\(\beta _h\) | Extinction coefficient | 60 | \(\hbox {mm}^{-1}\) |
\(h_p\) | Powder layer thickness | 50 | \(\upmu \hbox {m}\) |
\(W_e\) | Effective laser power | 30 | W |
R | Effective laser radius | 0.08 | mm |
\(v_\text {scan}\) | Laser scan speed | 100 | mm/ sec |