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Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences
Fig. 1 | Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences

Fig. 1

From: A simple yet consistent constitutive law and mortar-based layer coupling schemes for thermomechanical macroscale simulations of metal additive manufacturing processes

Fig. 1

Effect of the reference strain contribution during solidification in a one-dimensional setting. Different phase fractions are distinguished in vertical direction together with their respective reference length, visualized in horizontal direction. At time t, starting from a fully molten phase (a), a fraction of material solidifies (b) and due to the calculation of the reference strain effectively takes on a new reference configuration equal to the current configuration (blue). At time \(t+\Delta t\), the newly solidified fraction takes on the (now changed) current configuration (red) as reference configuration (c), such that the effective reference strain (which in fact is calculated in the proposed model) in the (total) solid phase can be interpreted as weighted average (purple) of the contributions from individual solid phase fraction increments (d)

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