Fig. 7From: A multiscale model of terrain dynamics for real-time earthmoving simulationThe volumetric strain as function of the deviatoric strain from triaxial test on gravel-1 (left) and wet-sand-1 (right). The dilatancy angle is measured during the shear failure phase, where the slope is positive and close to linear. It was found \(\psi _{\texttt {gravel-1}} = 11^\circ \) and \(\psi _{\texttt {wet-sand}} = 8^\circ \) for \(\sigma _3 = 15\) kPaBack to article page