Fig. 9

Example of time evolutions of displacements in the x direction of the 8-th story for SNR\(=10\) dB, with \(f_{1,2}^{sh}=\left( 14.5, 2.36 \right) \), \(\gamma _{1,2}^{sh}=\left( 0.025,-0.159\right) \), in the undamaged scenario (a) and all possible damage scenarios (b–i). Orange lines represent \({\varvec{u}}\), whereas black lines stand for \({\varvec{r}}\), according to Eq. (2). To show the effects of damage on the structural dynamics, the black dotted lines in b–i report the noise-free structural dynamics related to the undamage scenario