Fig. 1

Graphical illustration of the computational homogenization of chemo-mechanical processes. The macroscopic dual fields and moduli at a macroscopic material point \(\overline{{{\varvec{X}}}}\) are determined by solving a microscopic boundary value problem. The domain of the microscopic problem is chosen such that it represents the heterogeneity of the microstructure in a representative manner and is thus referred to as representative volume element (RVE). In a minimization-based variational formulation the RVE is driven by the deformation gradient \(\overline{{{\varvec{F}}}}\) as well as the solvent-volume flux and its divergence