Fig. 4From: On the effect of the contact surface definition in the Cartesian grid finite element methodConvective to local coordinates transformation. A point located at \(\varvec{\Theta }\) in the surface parametric space (a) is mapped to the reference configuration \(\mathbf {X}\left( \varvec{\Theta }\right) \) on the global coordinates system (c) and then to the local element space (b) with coordinates \(\varvec{\zeta }^e\)Back to article page