Fig. 5

Comparison for different values of the relaxation time \(\tau \), between the elastic–viscoplastic finite element (FEM), finite volume (FV) with Strang and Godunov splitting numerical solutions and the elastic–plastic analytical solution. Comparison is performed on axial stress and viscoplastic strain fields at two different times. a \(\tau = 10^{-4}\) s. b \(\tau = 4.8 \times 10^{-6}\) s. c \(\tau = 10^{-7}\) s