Fig. 2From: Synergies between the constitutive relation error concept and PGD model reduction for simplified V&V proceduresMapping between reference and parameterized elements. The mapping is defined as a combination of a scaling mapping \(\mathcal {M}_1\) between homothetic elements \(\overline{K}\) and K, and a linear mapping \(\mathcal {M}_2\), defined from an isoparametric formulation, between a reference element \(K_{ref}\) and \(\overline{K}\) Back to article page