Fig. 6From: A hybrid RNN-GPOD surrogate model for real-time settlement predictions in mechanised tunnellingNumerical simulation model of a tunnel section: layout and geometry. The tunnel is excavated through the top soil layer in 32 discrete excavation steps, with a ring length of 1.5 m. The groundwater table is at the top surface; the stiffness of existing buildings is considered by substitute modelsBack to article page