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Table 1 Specific energy absorption indices of the structural components

From: Performance evaluation of vehicle front structure in crash energy management using lumped mass spring system

Structural mode

λ 1

λ 2

λ 3

λ 4

λ 5

λ 6

λ 7

λ 8

Normal

0.20

0.45

0.001

0.25

0.001

0.015

0.001

0.10

Reversed

0.43

0.025

0.001

0.50

0.001

0.010

0.001

0.05